RTE H-T pairs that require reasoning

Bhavik, Juraj, Luis (2/12/07)

 

  • Pair id="705"

T: For US pharmaceutical companies, the impending healthcare reforms promise an era of increased cost-containment and pricing controls.

H: The US government wants to keep drug prices down.

Answer: Yes

Problem specific analysis: Connecting “the cause of pricing controls of X” to “keep X prices down”.

Generalization: Connecting the cause of an action to the effect of the action

 

  • Pair id="59"

T: After graduating in 1977, Gallager chose to accept a full scholarship to play football for Temple University.

H: Gallager attended Temple University.

Answer: Yes

Problem specific analysis: Connecting “accept a full scholarship to play football” to “attend X university”

Generalization: “Attend university” is a pre-condition to the action “accept a scholarship”

 

  • Pair id="446"

T: That theory, a concept first proposed by Albert Einstein and often reiterated by British astrophysicist Stephen Hawking, seeks to find a single set of equations that can explain all the fundamental forces in the universe: gravity, electromagnetism, and the strong and weak interactive forces among subnuclear particles.

H: Stephen Hawking is a physicist.

Answer: Yes

Problem specific analysis: X is an astrophysicist means X is a physicist (astrophysicist is a physicist)

Generalization: X is Y means X is Y’ if Y is-a Y’

 

  • Pair id=”197”

T: Zhao was removed from his position as secretary general of the Communist Party of China and placed under house arrest in 1989 after denouncing the use of force against student protesters in Tiananmen Square.

H: Zhao was a member of the Communist Party.

Answer: Yes   

Problem specific analysis: Connecting “position as secretary of X” to “a member of X”.

Generalization: Person P has position J for organization O is a member of O.

 

  • Pair id=“215”

T: Anna Politkovskaya was found shot dead on Saturday in a lift at her block of flats in the Russian capital, Moscow.

H: Anna Politkovskaya was murdered.

Answer: Yes

Problem Specific Analysis:  Connecting the phrase “shot dead” to “murdered”.

Generalization: Normally non-natural death can be categorized in three ways: homicide, suicide and accident. When a person is found shot dead means that someone shot him. That’s homicide, and being murdered is homicide.

 

  • Pair id=”230”

T: Castro's successful visits to Harlem and the Bronx, his speech to the United Nations General Assembly, and the October 21 march of 3,000 against U.S. policy and subsequent picket lines at Cuba's UN mission in defense of the revolution - all these events dealt blows to the U.S. government's unceasing efforts to isolate and slander Cuba.

H: Castro visits the UN.

Answer: Yes

Problem Specific Analysis: Connecting “giving speech at a place” to “visit a place”.

Generalization: A person cannot give a speech unless he is present at a place. That reflects that the person has been in that place.

 

  • Pair id="398"

T: Without a natural greenhouse effect, the temperature of the Earth would be about zero degrees F (-18C) instead of its present 57F (14C).

H: Greenhouse effect changes global climate.

Answer: Yes

Problem Specific Analysis: Connecting “temperature” to “global climate”.

Generalization: Connect a fluent with one of its specific parts. In this case, temperature is a part of global climate.

 

  • Pair id="254"

T: Every year Israel jails individuals simply because they refuse to perform military service for reasons of conscience.

H: People are willing to risk imprisonment rather than perform military service.

Answer: Yes

Problem Specific Analysis: Connecting “jail” to “imprisonment” and “refusal to do something” to “risk punishment”.

Generalization: Connect 2 results of a particular action. In this case, action is to refuse to perform military service and the result is imprisonment or jail.

 

  • Pair id="352"

T: The increased amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the primary causes of the human-induced component of global warming.

H: Greenhouse effect changes global climate.

Answer: Yes

Problem Specific Analysis: Connecting “greenhouse gases” to “greenhouse effect” and “global warming” to “global climate”

Generalization: In general, in first case we have to connect and action and its cause, in the latter to connect an action and the fluent it affects. Global climate is affected by global warming.

 

  • Pair id="380"

T: Then China rolled out the fake Panchen Lama, Gyaltsen Norbu, a teenager chosen as the reincarnation of a major lama by the atheist Communist leaders and trained since childhood to spout nationalist slogans while wearing robes. Newspapers reporting on the debacle generally tried to present both sides, but it seems fair to say there's really only one side to this sham and that pretty much nobody in the Tibetan community accepts Norbu as the real Panchen Lama. The Dalai Lama's choice for Panchen Lama, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, has been in secret Chinese custody since 1995.

H: Dalai Lama and the government of the People's Republic of China are in dispute over Panchen Lama's reincarnation.

Answer: Yes

Problem Specific Analysis: Connecting “dispute over reincarnation” with 2 different lammas (need to count that).

Generalization: In general, connecting an action and its precondition. “dispute over reincarnation” is the action, its cause is having 2 lammas. 2 lammas can be derived from “both sides” and “fake”.